Plant tissue culture is a vital technique in modern plant biotechnology that enables the growth of plant cells, tissues, and organs under controlled laboratory conditions. It is based on the principle of cellular totipotency, allowing regeneration of whole plants from small explants. This approach supports rapid clonal propagation, conservation of germplasm, and production of disease-free plants. It also plays a central role in crop improvement and genetic engineering by enabling precise manipulation of plant traits. The preparation of culture media, maintenance of aseptic conditions, and optimization of growth regulators are critical for successful tissue culture experiments. Advanced techniques such as somatic embryogenesis, haploid production, and suspension culture further expand its applications. Additionally, plant tissue culture contributes to the production of valuable secondary metabolites used in pharmaceutical and industrial sectors. Despite its advantages, challenges such as contamination, high operational costs, and somaclonal variation remain significant. However, ongoing advancements in biotechnology, including automation and genetic engineering, are improving efficiency and expanding its scope. Overall, plant tissue culture serves as a powerful tool for sustainable agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and scientific research, with promising future applications in addressing global food and environmental challenges.