Plant tissue culture is a fundamental technique in plant biotechnology that enables the growth and regeneration of plant cells, tissues, or organs under controlled sterile conditions. Based on the principle of cellular totipotency, it allows a single cell to develop into a complete plant when provided with appropriate nutrients, hormones, and environmental conditions. The process involves several carefully coordinated steps, including selection and sterilization of explants, preparation of nutrient media, and maintenance of aseptic conditions to prevent contamination. Specialized equipment such as laminar airflow cabinets and autoclaves ensures a sterile working environment, which is critical for experimental success. The technique encompasses various experimental approaches such as callus induction, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and micropropagation. These methods enable rapid multiplication of plants, production of disease-free planting material, and conservation of rare species. Advanced techniques like protoplast culture and suspension culture further support genetic studies and metabolite production. Proper acclimatization of regenerated plantlets is essential for their survival outside laboratory conditions. Overall, plant tissue culture serves as a bridge between basic plant science and practical applications in agriculture, industry, and conservation. Its success depends on precise experimental design, careful monitoring, and systematic data analysis, making it an indispensable tool in modern plant research and biotechnology.